Fuel-Fired Heaters: The Current Landscape
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As of 2021, there are 3,364 full-sized transit battery electric buses (BEBs) in the United States, with more on the way (Hamilton et al., 2021). An increasing number of states and transit agencies are making a commitment to zero-emission buses across the country. Cold climate regions, such as the Midwest or Northeast, that adopt BEBs may experience significant range limitations in cold weather due to the energy needed to keep the cabin heated throughout the day.

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