Microgrids: Best Practices for Zero-Emission Bus Resiliency
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Executive Summary

Adoption of zero-emission buses (ZEBs) continues to grow in the United States, increasing 66% from 2021 to 2022 for a total of 5,480 full-size transit ZEBs funded, ordered, and/or delivered across the country (Chard, 2023). The vast majority of these buses are batteryelectric, and the electricity needed to power transit fleets, especially large fleets, introduces an enormous load on the utility grid. While currently fewer in number on the road, fuel cell electric buses also require electricity to produce, store, and dispense hydrogen. Both ZEB technologies pose real challenges for future grid management and face increasingly detrimental consequences in the event of utility grid outages.